The Black Ships of July 9, 1853: How Matthew Perry Opened Up Japan and Put It on a Collision Course with the West
Written by Todd DePastino On July 9, 1853, four American warships steamed into Edo Bay, their guns pointed at the seat of Japan’s ruling shogunate. At their helm was Commodore Matthew Perry, a veteran of the US Navy and younger brother of War of 1812 hero Oliver Hazard Perry. He came with a letter







